Mobile Lab Kit for Training in Communication Protocols

This module introduces the UNI EN ISO 52120-1:2022 standard, focusing on how Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) and Technical Building Management (TBM) contribute to the energy performance of buildings. The content includes the classification of BACS into energy performance classes (A to D), minimum functional requirements, and compliance criteria based on EPBD 2018/844. Learners will explore technical capabilities such as individual room control, time scheduling, and weather compensation, and understand how these functionalities impact energy savings, CO₂ reduction, and user comfort. The module also presents application guidelines and real-case assessments to support the technical and economic feasibility of BACS implementation.

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight, efficient protocol designed specifically for resource-constrained

devices and unreliable networks, prevalent in the IoT (Internet of Things) ecosystem. This course covers MQTT’s fundamental

concepts, including its publish/subscribe architecture, detailed message types, and critical message properties such as Quality of

Service (QoS)and the Last Will and Testament (LWT).

MQTT plays a crucial role in smart home and building automation due to its inherent advantages, such as minimal bandwidth usage,

scalability, reliability, and real-time communication capabilities.

This three-part training series provides a comprehensive introduction to the MQTT protocol, a lightweight and efficient communication

standard widely used in IoT and distributed automation systems.

Part 01 – Fundamentals and Architecture

The first module introduces MQTT's origin, purpose, and core design principles. It explains the client-broker architecture based

on the publish/subscribe (pub/sub) model and emphasizes its advantages in low-bandwidth and high-latency environments. Key

decoupling concepts (space, time, and synchronization) are discussed to highlight the scalability and flexibility of MQTT.

This module introduces the fundamental principles of network architecture and communication protocols, providing students with the essential knowledge to understand, analyze, and operate computer networks. The course begins by exploring the differ-ent types of networks—Personal Area Networks (PAN), Local Area Networks (LAN), Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN), and Wide Area Networks (WAN)—with a focus on their scope, technologies, and applications.

Students will become familiar with the ISO/OSI reference model and the TCP/IP protocol suite, learning how data moves through the various layers, from the physical transmission medium to the application level. Key concepts include addressing schemes (MAC and IP), data encapsulation, routing, switching, and session management. The role of essential network devices—such as routers, switches, and access points—is discussed alongside transmission media like copper cabling, fiber optics, and wireless technologies (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cellular).

Hands-on activities and scenario-based exercises help students identify network configurations, recognize typical network de-vices in real environments, and understand the flow of data within interconnected systems. By completing this module, learners will be able to describe and troubleshoot basic network infrastructures and will be well-prepared to progress toward more ad-vanced topics in networking, cybersecurity, and intelligent systems.

This module provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and applications of alternating current (AC), a fundamental topic in electrical engineering. Starting from the definition of AC as a time-varying electric current that reverses direction periodi-cally, the module explores the mathematical representation of sinusoidal waveforms, including amplitude, angular frequency, phase, and period. Students learn how to apply key relationships between frequency, period, and angular frequency, and gain experience through solved examples involving practical components and measuring instruments.

The module examines the behavior of ideal components—resistors, capacitors, and inductors—under AC excitation, focusing on voltage-current phase relationships and power dissipation. It introduces concepts such as instantaneous power, average (active) power, and reactive power, and explains the significance of root mean square (RMS) values in AC analysis. A dedicated section covers the use of phasors and complex numbers to simplify the solution of AC circuits, preparing students for more advanced circuit analysis.

Finally, the content highlights the importance of AC in real-world systems, including electric motors, power grids, and smart home technologies. By mastering these foundational concepts, students will be equipped to understand and design efficient, safe, and intelligent electrical systems based on alternating current.